In the pages of the American newspaper The Seattle Star, dated April 29, 1904, an extraordinary article appeared under the title “Albanians, Strange Race; Friend and Foe of the Turks”. At a time when Albania remained largely unknown to the Western world, the article presented Albanians with rare objectivity and admiration, emphasizing virtues that Albanians themselves have long valued: bravery, honor, and hospitality. It is a perspective that sharply contradicts the stereotypes of Albanians as “wild” or untamed, offering instead a nuanced portrait of a proud and resilient people.
Dated April 16, 1904, from Manastir, the article begins by describing the land itself. Locals called it Shqipëri, while the Turks referred to it as Arnautlluk. To the Ottoman authorities, Albania was often a thorn in the side—a challenge to be contained. Geographically, Albania stretches across southwestern Europe, between 39° and 43° latitude, touching the Adriatic and Ionian Seas. The terrain is predominantly mountainous, with nine mountain ranges running north to south, the tallest peak reaching 8,000 feet. Hidden rivers and picturesque lakes further distinguish the landscape, and its exports include cotton, horses, timber, and corn.
Albanians are descendants of the ancient Illyrians and Epirotes. Their language, rich in dialectical variation, reflects a deep cultural history. At the time, the population was estimated at around one and a half million. In the eyes of the 1904 observer, Albania was Europe’s most remote and rugged country—comparable, in mystery and isolation, to Tibet in Asia. Much of its culture and daily life remained unknown to the rest of the continent, enough to fill an entire book yet barely summarized on a single pamphlet.
The article emphasizes the duality in Albanians’ relationship with the Ottoman Turks. While they could fiercely resist oppression, they were also capable allies when circumstances demanded. The famous Italian Prime Minister Francesco Crispi, an Albanian by origin, exemplified this legacy of leadership. Albanian officers in the Ottoman military and civil administration were distinguished by competence and honor, standing out for their open gaze and athletic bearing, a stark contrast to the submissive demeanor often associated with Ottoman officials.
One of the most striking qualities noted is Albanians’ steadfastness. While they may have converted to Islam under Ottoman rule—a rare large-scale religious transformation—they maintained their distinct identity. Their loyalty, courage, and sense of justice were paramount; a betrayal of Albanian identity was considered a grave offense.
Hospitality was another virtue celebrated in the article. An Albanian household could offer sanctuary even to the kin of one’s enemy, provided certain traditions were respected. Guests could remain safely for three days, after which a respectful departure was expected. Such customs highlight the deep moral and social codes that governed Albanian life.
The article also describes traditional Albanian attire in detail. Regional variations existed, yet most ensembles shared common elements: hand-woven white shirts, sleeveless jackets decorated with red and black stripes, and a red belt encircling the waist. Knives and small pistols were often tucked into the belt, while pants fit snugly over the legs down to the shoes. The outfit was completed with the distinctive qeleshe—a round felt cap—symbolizing both pride and identity. The overall impression, according to the American observer, was one of elegance, strength, and unique cultural sophistication.
Religion played a complex role in Albanian life. Unlike other peoples under Ottoman rule, Albanians maintained a degree of autonomy in spiritual matters. While some converted to Islam, Christians and Muslims lived side by side, often united by a sense of national identity rather than faith alone. The Ottoman authorities sometimes attempted to use religion as a lever of control, but Albanians’ sense of justice and loyalty often transcended sectarian divisions.
The article’s central thesis is clear: Albanians are both friends and foes of the Turks, brave defenders of their homeland, and noble in character. They could fight fiercely against imperial powers or protect them when necessary, always guided by principles of honor, loyalty, and courage. To call an Albanian a Turk was an insult; to earn his trust and respect, one needed both integrity and courage.
For modern readers, this 1904 perspective offers a remarkable window into Albania’s history, culture, and enduring values. It reminds us that Albanians, despite centuries of foreign domination and political turbulence, have preserved a rich cultural identity and an unyielding spirit. Their story is one of resilience, honor, and a subtle diplomacy that often surprised both allies and adversaries alike.
Today, as Albanians continue to celebrate their heritage, articles like this one underscore the importance of understanding history through respectful and objective lenses—acknowledging the virtues and complexities that define a nation.